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| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +Title: '.count()' |
| 3 | +Description: 'Returns the number of elements with a specific key in an unordered_set.' |
| 4 | +Subjects: |
| 5 | + - 'Computer Science' |
| 6 | + - 'Programming' |
| 7 | +Tags: |
| 8 | + - 'C++' |
| 9 | + - 'Unordered Set' |
| 10 | + - 'STL' |
| 11 | + - 'Searching' |
| 12 | +CatalogContent: |
| 13 | + - 'learn-c-plus-plus' |
| 14 | + - 'paths/computer-science' |
| 15 | +--- |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +The **`.count()`** method is used to determine if a specific element (key) is present within a C++ `std::unordered_set`. |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +Because `std::unordered_set` only allows **unique** elements, the `.count()` method will only ever return one of two possible values: |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +1. **`1`**: If the element is found in the set. |
| 22 | +2. **`0`**: If the element is not found in the set. |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | +This method is commonly used as a fast, O(1) average time complexity way to check for element existence. |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +## Syntax |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +The `.count()` method takes one argument: the value (key) to search for. |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +```cpp |
| 31 | +unordered_set_name.count(key); |
| 32 | +``` |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +## Parameters |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +* `key` (const Key&): The value of the element to search for. Must be of the same type as the elements stored in the `unordered_set`. |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +## Return Value |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +Returns an integer (`1` if the element exists, `0` otherwise). |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +## Example |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | +This example demonstrates using `.count()` to check for the presence of elements within a set of strings. |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +```cpp |
| 47 | +#include <iostream> |
| 48 | +#include <string> |
| 49 | +#include <unordered_set> |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +int main() { |
| 52 | + std::unordered_set<std::string> inventory = { |
| 53 | + "Sword", |
| 54 | + "Shield", |
| 55 | + "Potion" |
| 56 | + }; |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | + std::cout << "Inventory contains:\n"; |
| 59 | + for (const auto& item : inventory) { |
| 60 | + std::cout << "- " << item << "\n"; |
| 61 | + } |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | + // 1. Check for an existing element |
| 64 | + if (inventory.count("Sword")) { |
| 65 | + std::cout << "\n'Sword' is present (Count: " << inventory.count("Sword") << ").\n"; |
| 66 | + } |
| 67 | + |
| 68 | + // 2. Check for a missing element |
| 69 | + if (inventory.count("Axe") == 0) { |
| 70 | + std::cout << "'Axe' is not present (Count: " << inventory.count("Axe") << ").\n"; |
| 71 | + } |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | + return 0; |
| 74 | +} |
| 75 | +``` |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +Output: |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | +``` |
| 80 | +Inventory contains: |
| 81 | +- Potion |
| 82 | +- Shield |
| 83 | +- Sword |
| 84 | +
|
| 85 | +'Sword' is present (Count: 1). |
| 86 | +'Axe' is not present (Count: 0). |
| 87 | +``` |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | +## Codebyte |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +Use the Codebyte below to check for the presence of an item in a set of integers. |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +```cpp |
| 94 | +#include <iostream> |
| 95 | +#include <unordered_set> |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +int main() { |
| 98 | + std::unordered_set<int> unique_ids = {101, 205, 330}; |
| 99 | + |
| 100 | + int search_key = 205; |
| 101 | + int missing_key = 400; |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | + // Check the count for the element 205 |
| 104 | + std::cout << "Count for " << search_key << ": " |
| 105 | + << unique_ids.count(search_key) << "\n"; |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | + // Check the count for the element 400 |
| 108 | + std::cout << "Count for " << missing_key << ": " |
| 109 | + << unique_ids.count(missing_key) << "\n"; |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | + return 0; |
| 112 | +} |
| 113 | +``` |
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