Important
v1.0.0 just released and is introducing breaking changes. Please read the CHANGELOG for more information.
A Ruby DSL (Domain Specific Language) for creating Claude Code hooks. This will hopefully make creating and configuring new hooks way easier.
Why use this instead of writing bash, or simple ruby scripts?
You might also be interested in my other project, a Claude Code statusline that shows your Claude usage in realtime, inside Claude Code β¨.
- Ruby DSL for Claude Code hooks
- π Table of Contents
- π Quick Start
- π¦ Installation
- ποΈ Architecture
- πͺ Hook Types
- π Claude Hook Flow
- π API Reference
- π Example: Tool usage monitor
- π Hook Output
- π Plugin Hooks Support
- π¨ Advices
β οΈ Troubleshooting- π§ͺ CLI Debugging
- π Debugging
- π§ͺ Development & Contributing
Tip
Examples are available in example_dotclaude/hooks/. The GithubGuard in particular is a good example of a solid hook. You can also check Kyle's hooks for some great examples
Here's how to create a simple hook:
- Install the gem:
gem install claude_hooks- Create a simple hook script
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'json'
require 'claude_hooks'
# Inherit from the right hook type class to get access to helper methods
class AddContextAfterPrompt < ClaudeHooks::UserPromptSubmit
def call
log "User asked: #{prompt}"
add_context!("Remember to be extra helpful!")
output
end
end
# Run the hook
if __FILE__ == $0
# Read Claude Code's input data from STDIN
input_data = JSON.parse(STDIN.read)
hook = AddContextAfterPrompt.new(input_data)
hook.call
# Handles output and exit code depending on the hook state.
# In this case, uses exit code 0 (success) and prints output to STDOUT
hook.output_and_exit
endβ οΈ Make it executable
chmod +x add_context_after_prompt.rb
# Test it
echo '{"session_id":"test","prompt":"Hello!"}' | ./add_context_after_prompt.rb- Register it in your
.claude/settings.json
{
"hooks": {
"UserPromptSubmit": [{
"matcher": "",
"hooks": [
{
"type": "command",
"command": "path/to/your/hook.rb"
}
]
}]
}
}That's it! Your hook will now add context to every user prompt. π
Tip
This was a very simple example but we recommend using the entrypoints/handlers architecture described below to create more complex hook systems.
$ gem install claude_hooksWarning
Unless you use bundle exec in the command in your .claude/settings.json, Claude Code will use the system-installed gem, not the bundled version.
Add it to your Gemfile (you can add a Gemfile in your .claude directory if needed):
# .claude/Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'claude_hooks'And then run:
$ bundle installClaude Hooks supports both home-level ($HOME/.claude) and project-level ($CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR/.claude) directories. Claude Hooks specific config files (config/config.json) found in either directory will be merged together.
| Directory | Description | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
$HOME/.claude |
Home Claude directory | Global user settings and logs |
$CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR/.claude |
Project Claude directory | Project-specific settings |
Note
Logs always go to $HOME/.claude/{logDirectory}
You can configure Claude Hooks through environment variables with the RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_ prefix:
# Existing configuration options
export RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_LOG_DIR="logs" # Default: logs (relative to $HOME/.claude)
export RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_CONFIG_MERGE_STRATEGY="project" # Config merge strategy: "project" or "home", default: "project"
export RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_BASE_DIR="~/.claude" # DEPRECATED: fallback base directory
# Any variable prefixed with RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_
# will also be available through the config object
export RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_API_KEY="your-api-key"
export RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_DEBUG_MODE="true"
export RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_USER_NAME="Gabriel"You can also use configuration files in any of the two locations:
Home config ($HOME/.claude/config/config.json):
{
// Existing configuration option
"logDirectory": "logs",
// Custom configuration options
"apiKey": "your-global-api-key",
"userName": "Gabriel"
}Project config ($CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR/.claude/config/config.json):
{
// Custom configuration option
"projectSpecificConfig": "someValue",
}When both config files exist, they will be merged with configurable precedence:
- Default (
project): Project config values override home config values - Home precedence (
home): Home config values override project config values
Set merge strategy: export RUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_CONFIG_MERGE_STRATEGY="home" | "project" (default: "project")
Warning
Environment Variables > Merged Config Files
You can access any configuration value in your handlers:
class MyHandler < ClaudeHooks::UserPromptSubmit
def call
# Access directory paths
log "Home Claude dir: #{home_claude_dir}"
log "Project Claude dir: #{project_claude_dir}" # nil if CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR not set
log "Base dir (deprecated): #{base_dir}"
log "Logs dir: #{config.logs_directory}"
# Path utilities
log "Home config path: #{home_path_for('config')}"
log "Project hooks path: #{project_path_for('hooks')}" # nil if no project dir
# Access custom config via method calls
log "API Key: #{config.api_key}"
log "Debug mode: #{config.debug_mode}"
log "User: #{config.user_name}"
# Or use get_config_value for more control
user_name = config.get_config_value('USER_NAME', 'userName')
log "Username: #{user_name}"
output
end
endClaudeHooks::Base- Base class with common functionality (logging, config, validation)- Hook Handler Classes - Self-contained classes (
ClaudeHooks::UserPromptSubmit,ClaudeHooks::PreToolUse, etc.) - Output Classes -
ClaudeHooks::Output::UserPromptSubmit, etc... are output objects that handle intelligent merging of multiple outputs, as well as using the right exit codes and outputting to the proper stream (STDINorSTDERR) depending on the the hook state. - Configuration - Shared configuration management via
ClaudeHooks::Configuration - Logger - Dedicated logging class with multiline block support
.claude/hooks/
βββ entrypoints/ # Main entry points
βΒ Β βββ notification.rb
βΒ Β βββ pre_tool_use.rb
βΒ Β βββ post_tool_use.rb
βΒ Β βββ pre_compact.rb
βΒ Β βββ session_start.rb
βΒ Β βββ stop.rb
βΒ Β βββ subagent_stop.rb
|
βββ handlers/ # Hook handlers for specific hook type
βββ user_prompt_submit/
β βββ append_rules.rb
β βββ log_user_prompt.rb
βββ pre_tool_use/
β βββ github_guard.rb
β βββ tool_monitor.rb
βββ ...
The framework supports the following hook types:
| Hook Type | Class | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SessionStart | ClaudeHooks::SessionStart |
Hooks that run when Claude Code starts a new session, resumes, or compacts |
| UserPromptSubmit | ClaudeHooks::UserPromptSubmit |
Hooks that run before the user's prompt is processed |
| Notification | ClaudeHooks::Notification |
Hooks that run when Claude Code sends notifications |
| PreToolUse | ClaudeHooks::PreToolUse |
Hooks that run before a tool is used |
| PostToolUse | ClaudeHooks::PostToolUse |
Hooks that run after a tool is used |
| Stop | ClaudeHooks::Stop |
Hooks that run when Claude Code finishes responding |
| SubagentStop | ClaudeHooks::SubagentStop |
Hooks that run when subagent tasks complete |
| SessionEnd | ClaudeHooks::SessionEnd |
Hooks that run when Claude Code sessions end |
| PreCompact | ClaudeHooks::PreCompact |
Hooks that run before transcript compaction |
Claude Code hooks in essence work in a very simple way:
- Claude Code passes data to the hook script through
STDIN - The hook uses the data to do its thing
- The hook outputs data to
STDOUTorSTDERRand thenexits with the proper code:exit 0for successexit 1for a non-blocking errorexit 2for a blocking error (prevent Claude from continuing)
graph LR
A[Hook triggers] --> B[JSON from STDIN] --> C[Hook does its thing] --> D[JSON to STDOUT or STDERR<br />Exit Code] --> E[Yields back to Claude Code] --> A
The main issue is that there are many different types of hooks and they each have different expectations regarding the data outputted to STDIN or STDERR and Claude Code will react differently for each specific exit code used depending on the hook type.
- An entrypoint for a hook is set in
~/.claude/settings.json - Claude Code calls the entrypoint script (e.g.,
hooks/entrypoints/pre_tool_use.rb) - The entrypoint script reads STDIN and coordinates multiple hook handlers
- Each hook handler executes and returns its output data
- The entrypoint script combines/processes outputs from multiple hook handlers
- And then returns final response to Claude Code with the correct exit code
graph TD
A[π§ Hook Configuration<br/>settings.json] --> B
B[π€ Claude Code<br/><em>User submits prompt</em>] --> C[π Entrypoint<br />entrypoints/user_prompt_submit.rb]
C --> D[π Entrypoint<br />Parses JSON from STDIN]
D --> E[π Entrypoint<br />Calls hook handlers]
E --> F[π Handler<br />AppendContextRules.call<br/><em>Returns output</em>]
E --> G[π Handler<br />PromptGuard.call<br/><em>Returns output</em>]
F --> J[π Entrypoint<br />Calls _ClaudeHooks::Output::UserPromptSubmit.merge_ to π merge outputs]
G --> J
J --> K[π Entrypoint<br />- Writes output to STDOUT or STDERR<br />- Uses correct exit code]
K --> L[π€ Yields back to Claude Code]
L --> B
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'claude_hooks'
class AddContextAfterPrompt < ClaudeHooks::UserPromptSubmit
def call
# Access input data
log do
"--- INPUT DATA ---"
"session_id: #{session_id}"
"cwd: #{cwd}"
"hook_event_name: #{hook_event_name}"
"prompt: #{current_prompt}"
"---"
end
log "Full conversation transcript: #{read_transcript}"
# Use a Hook state method to modify what's sent back to Claude Code
add_additional_context!("Some custom context")
# Control execution, for instance: block the prompt
if current_prompt.include?("bad word")
block_prompt!("Hmm no no no!")
log "Prompt blocked: #{current_prompt} because of bad word"
end
# Return output if you need it
output
end
end
# Use your handler (usually from an entrypoint file, but this is an example)
if __FILE__ == $0
# Read Claude Code's input data from STDIN
input_data = JSON.parse(STDIN.read)
hook = AddContextAfterPrompt.new(input_data)
# Call the hook
hook.call
# Uses exit code 0 (success) and outputs to STDIN if the prompt wasn't blocked
# Uses exit code 2 (blocking error) and outputs to STDERR if the prompt was blocked
hook.output_and_exit
endThe goal of those APIs is to simplify reading from STDIN and writing to STDOUT or STDERR as well as exiting with the right exit codes: the way Claude Code expects you to.
Each hook provides the following capabilities:
| Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Configuration & Utility | Access config, logging, and file path helpers |
| Input Helpers | Access data parsed from STDIN (session_id, transcript_path, etc.) |
| Hook State Helpers | Modify the hook's internal state (adding additional context, blocking a tool call, etc...) before yielding back to Claude Code |
| Output Helpers | Access output data, merge results, and yield back to Claude with the proper exit codes |
The framework supports all existing hook types with their respective input fields:
| Hook Type | Input Fields |
|---|---|
| Common | session_id, transcript_path, cwd, hook_event_name |
| UserPromptSubmit | prompt |
| PreToolUse | tool_name, tool_input |
| PostToolUse | tool_name, tool_input, tool_response |
| Notification | message |
| Stop | stop_hook_active |
| SubagentStop | stop_hook_active |
| PreCompact | trigger, custom_instructions |
| SessionStart | source |
| SessionEnd | reason |
All hook types inherit from ClaudeHooks::Base and share a common API, as well as hook specific APIs.
- π Common API Methods
- π Notification Hooks
- π Session Start Hooks
- ποΈ User Prompt Submit Hooks
- π οΈ Pre-Tool Use Hooks
- π§ Post-Tool Use Hooks
- π Pre-Compact Hooks
- βΉοΈ Stop Hooks
- βΉοΈ Subagent Stop Hooks
- π Session End Hooks
ClaudeHooks::Base provides a session logger to all its subclasses that you can use to write logs to session-specific files.
log "Simple message"
log "Error occurred", level: :error
log "Warning about something", level: :warn
log <<~TEXT
Configuration loaded successfully
Database connection established
System ready
TEXTYou can also use the logger from an entrypoint script:
require 'claude_hooks'
input_data = JSON.parse(STDIN.read)
logger = ClaudeHooks::Logger.new(input_data["session_id"], 'entrypoint')
logger.log "Simple message"Logs are written to session-specific files in the configured log directory:
- Defaults to:
~/.claude/logs/hooks/session-{session_id}.log - Configurable path: Set via
config.jsonβlogDirectoryor viaRUBY_CLAUDE_HOOKS_LOG_DIRenvironment variable
[2025-08-16 03:45:28] [INFO] [MyHookHandler] Starting execution
[2025-08-16 03:45:28] [ERROR] [MyHookHandler] Connection timeout
...
Let's create a hook that will monitor tool usage and ask for permission before using dangerous tools.
First, register an entrypoint in ~/.claude/settings.json:
"hooks": {
"PreToolUse": [
{
"matcher": "",
"hooks": [
{
"type": "command",
"command": "~/.claude/hooks/entrypoints/pre_tool_use.rb"
}
]
}
],
}Then, create your main entrypoint script and don't forget to make it executable:
touch ~/.claude/hooks/entrypoints/pre_tool_use.rb
chmod +x ~/.claude/hooks/entrypoints/pre_tool_use.rb#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'json'
require_relative '../handlers/pre_tool_use/tool_monitor'
begin
# Read input from stdin
input_data = JSON.parse(STDIN.read)
tool_monitor = ToolMonitor.new(input_data)
tool_monitor.call
# You could also call any other handler here and then merge the outputs
tool_monitor.output_and_exit
rescue StandardError => e
STDERR.puts JSON.generate({
continue: false,
stopReason: "Hook execution error: #{e.message}",
suppressOutput: false
})
# Non-blocking error
exit 1
endFinally, create the handler that will be used to monitor tool usage.
touch ~/.claude/hooks/handlers/pre_tool_use/tool_monitor.rb#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'claude_hooks'
class ToolMonitor < ClaudeHooks::PreToolUse
DANGEROUS_TOOLS = %w[curl wget rm].freeze
def call
log "Monitoring tool usage: #{tool_name}"
if DANGEROUS_TOOLS.include?(tool_name)
log "Dangerous tool detected: #{tool_name}", level: :warn
# Use one of the ClaudeHooks::PreToolUse methods to modify the hook state and block the tool
ask_for_permission!("The tool '#{tool_name}' can impact your system. Allow?")
else
# Use one of the ClaudeHooks::PreToolUse methods to modify the hook state and allow the tool
approve_tool!("Safe tool usage")
end
# Accessor provided by ClaudeHooks::PreToolUse
output
end
endHooks provide access to their output (which acts as the "state" of a hook) through the output method.
This method will return an output object based on the hook's type class (e.g: ClaudeHooks::Output::UserPromptSubmit) that provides helper methods:
- to access output data
- for merging multiple outputs
- for sending the right exit codes and output data back to Claude Code through the proper stream.
Tip
You can also always access the raw output data hash instead of the output object using hook.output_data.
Often, you will want to call multiple hooks from a same entrypoint.
Each hook type's output provides a merge method that will try to intelligently merge multiple hook results.
Merged outputs always inherit the most restrictive behavior.
require 'json'
require_relative '../handlers/user_prompt_submit/hook1'
require_relative '../handlers/user_prompt_submit/hook2'
require_relative '../handlers/user_prompt_submit/hook3'
begin
# Read input from stdin
input_data = JSON.parse(STDIN.read)
hook1 = Hook1.new(input_data)
hook2 = Hook1.new(input_data)
hook3 = Hook1.new(input_data)
# Execute the multiple hooks
hook1.call
hook2.call
hook3.call
# Merge the outputs
# In this case, ClaudeHooks::Output::UserPromptSubmit.merge follows the following merge logic:
# - continue: false wins (any hook script can stop execution)
# - suppressOutput: true wins (any hook script can suppress output)
# - decision: "block" wins (any hook script can block)
# - stopReason/reason: concatenated
# - additionalContext: concatenated
merged_output = ClaudeHooks::Output::UserPromptSubmit.merge(
hook1.output,
hook2.output,
hook3.output
)
# Automatically handles outputting to the right stream (STDOUT or STDERR) and uses the right exit code depending on hook state
merged_output.output_and_exit
endNote
Hooks and output objects handle exit codes automatically. The information below is for reference and understanding. When using hook.output_and_exit or merged_output.output_and_exit, you don't need to memorize these rules - the method chooses the correct exit code based on the hook type and the hook's state.
Claude Code hooks support multiple exit codes with different behaviors depending on the hook type.
exit 0: Success, allows the operation to continue, for most hooks,STDOUTwill be fed back to the user.- Claude Code does not see stdout if the exit code is 0, except for hooks where
STDOUTis injected as context.
- Claude Code does not see stdout if the exit code is 0, except for hooks where
exit 1: Non-blocking error,STDERRwill be fed back to the user.exit 2: Blocking error, in most casesSTDERRwill be fed back to Claude.- Other exit codes: Treated as non-blocking errors -
STDERRfed back to the user, execution continues.
Warning
Some exit codes have different meanings depending on the hook type, here is a table to help summarize this.
| Hook Event | Exit 0 (Success) | Exit 1 (Non-blocking Error) | Exit Code 2 (Blocking Error) |
|---|---|---|---|
| UserPromptSubmit | Operation continuesSTDOUT added as context to Claude |
Non-blocking errorSTDERR shown to user |
Blocks prompt processing Erases prompt STDERR shown to user only |
| PreToolUse | Operation continuesSTDOUT shown to user in transcript mode |
Non-blocking errorSTDERR shown to user |
Blocks the tool callSTDERR shown to Claude |
| PostToolUse | Operation continuesSTDOUT shown to user in transcript mode |
Non-blocking errorSTDERR shown to user |
N/ASTDERR shown to Claude (tool already ran) |
| Notification | Operation continues Logged to debug only ( --debug) |
Non-blocking error Logged to debug only ( --debug) |
N/A Logged to debug only ( --debug) |
| Stop | Agent will stopSTDOUT shown to user in transcript mode |
Agent will stopSTDERR shown to user |
Blocks stoppageSTDERR shown to Claude |
| SubagentStop | Subagent will stopSTDOUT shown to user in transcript mode |
Subagent will stopSTDERR shown to user |
Blocks stoppageSTDERR shown to Claude subagent |
| PreCompact | Operation continuesSTDOUT shown to user in transcript mode |
Non-blocking errorSTDERR shown to user |
N/ASTDERR shown to user only |
| SessionStart | Operation continuesSTDOUT added as context to Claude |
Non-blocking errorSTDERR shown to user |
N/ASTDERR shown to user only |
| SessionEnd | Operation continues Logged to debug only ( --debug) |
Non-blocking error Logged to debug only ( --debug) |
N/A Logged to debug only ( --debug) |
For the operation to continue for a UserPromptSubmit hook, you would STDOUT.puts structured JSON data followed by exit 0:
puts JSON.generate({
continue: true,
stopReason: "",
suppressOutput: false,
hookSpecificOutput: {
hookEventName: "UserPromptSubmit",
additionalContext: "context here"
}
})
exit 0For the operation to stop for a UserPromptSubmit hook, you would STDERR.puts structured JSON data followed by exit 2:
STDERR.puts JSON.generate({
continue: false,
stopReason: "JSON parsing error: #{e.message}",
suppressOutput: false
})
exit 2Warning
You don't have to manually do this, just use output_and_exit to automatically handle this.
This DSL works seamlessly with Claude Code plugins! When creating plugin hooks, you can use the exact same Ruby DSL and enjoy all the same benefits.
How plugin hooks work:
- Plugin hooks are defined in the plugin's
hooks/hooks.jsonfile - They use the
${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}environment variable to reference plugin files - Plugin hooks are automatically merged with user and project hooks when plugins are enabled
- Multiple hooks from different sources can respond to the same event
Example plugin hook configuration (hooks/hooks.json):
{
"description": "Automatic code formatting",
"hooks": {
"PostToolUse": [
{
"matcher": "Write|Edit",
"hooks": [
{
"type": "command",
"command": "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/hooks/scripts/formatter.rb",
"timeout": 30
}
]
}
]
}
}Using this DSL in your plugin hooks (hooks/scripts/formatter.rb):
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'claude_hooks'
class PluginFormatter < ClaudeHooks::PostToolUse
def call
log "Plugin executing from: #{ENV['CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT']}"
if tool_name.match?(/Write|Edit/)
file_path = tool_input['file_path']
log "Formatting file: #{file_path}"
# Your formatting logic here
# Can use all the DSL helper methods!
end
output
end
end
if __FILE__ == $0
input_data = JSON.parse(STDIN.read)
hook = PluginFormatter.new(input_data)
hook.call
hook.output_and_exit
endEnvironment variables available in plugins:
${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}: Absolute path to the plugin directory${CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR}: Project root directory (same as for project hooks)- All standard environment variables and configuration options work the same way
See the plugin components reference for more details on creating plugin hooks.
- Logging: Use
log()method instead ofputsto avoid interfering with Claude Code's expected output. - Error Handling: Hooks should handle their own errors and use the
logmethod for debugging. For errors, don't forget to exit with the right exit code (1, 2) and output the JSON indicating the error to STDERR usingSTDERR.puts. - Path Management: Use
path_for()for all file operations relative to the Claude base directory.
Don't forget to make the scripts called from settings.json executable:
chmod +x ~/.claude/hooks/entrypoints/user_prompt_submit.rbThe ClaudeHooks::CLI module provides utilities to simplify testing hooks in isolation. Instead of writing repetitive JSON parsing and error handling code, you can use the CLI test runner.
Replace the traditional testing boilerplate:
# Old way (15+ lines of repetitive code)
if __FILE__ == $0
begin
require 'json'
input_data = JSON.parse(STDIN.read)
hook = MyHook.new(input_data)
result = hook.call
puts JSON.generate(result)
rescue StandardError => e
STDERR.puts "Error: #{e.message}"
puts JSON.generate({
continue: false,
stopReason: "Error: #{e.message}",
suppressOutput: false
})
exit 1
end
endWith the simple CLI test runner:
# New way (1 line!)
if __FILE__ == $0
ClaudeHooks::CLI.test_runner(MyHook)
endYou can customize the input data for testing using blocks:
if __FILE__ == $0
ClaudeHooks::CLI.test_runner(MyHook) do |input_data|
input_data['debug_mode'] = true
input_data['custom_field'] = 'test_value'
input_data['user_name'] = 'TestUser'
end
endClaudeHooks::CLI.test_runner(MyHook)
# Usage: echo '{"session_id":"test","prompt":"Hello"}' | ruby my_hook.rbClaudeHooks::CLI.run_with_sample_data(MyHook, { 'prompt' => 'test prompt' })
# Provides default values, no STDIN neededClaudeHooks::CLI.run_with_sample_data(MyHook) do |input_data|
input_data['prompt'] = 'Custom test prompt'
input_data['debug'] = true
end#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'claude_hooks'
class MyTestHook < ClaudeHooks::UserPromptSubmit
def call
log "Debug mode: #{input_data['debug_mode']}"
log "Processing: #{prompt}"
if input_data['debug_mode']
log "All input keys: #{input_data.keys.join(', ')}"
end
output
end
end
# Test runner with customization
if __FILE__ == $0
ClaudeHooks::CLI.test_runner(MyTestHook) do |input_data|
input_data['debug_mode'] = true
end
end# Test with sample data
echo '{"session_id": "test", "transcript_path": "/tmp/transcript", "cwd": "/tmp", "hook_event_name": "UserPromptSubmit", "user_prompt": "Hello Claude"}' | CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR=$(pwd) ruby ~/.claude/hooks/entrypoints/user_prompt_submit.rbThis project uses Minitest for testing. To run the complete test suite:
# Run all tests
ruby test/run_all_tests.rb
# Run a specific test file
ruby test/test_output_classes.rb