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release v2025.11.0 (#10917)
* choose the right version number * formatting * move a breaking change entry to the right section * remove the deprecations section * missing entry * remove the empty internals section * another missing entry * more missing entries * remove empty line * bad merge * remove the empty documentation section * newline * use the old style of setting release dates * set the release date * formatting * back to bold * release summary
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doc/whats-new.rst

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What's New
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==========
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.. _whats-new.2025.10.2:
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.. _whats-new.2025.11.0:
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v2025.10.2 (unreleased)
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-----------------------
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v2025.11.0 (Nov 17, 2025)
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-------------------------
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This release changes the default for ``keep_attrs`` such that attributes are preserved by default, adds support for :py:class:`DataTree` in top-level functions, and contains several memory and performance improvements as well as a number of bug fixes.
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Thanks to the 21 contributors to this release:
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Aled Owen, Charles Turner, Christine P. Chai, David Huard, Deepak Cherian, Gregorio L. Trevisan, Ian Hunt-Isaak, Ilan Gold, Illviljan, Jan Meischner, Jemma Jeffree, Jonas Lundholm Bertelsen, Justus Magin, Kai Mühlbauer, Kristian Bodolai, Lukas Riedel, Max Jones, Maximilian Roos, Niclas Rieger, Stephan Hoyer and William Andrea
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New Features
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- :py:func:`merge` and :py:func:`concat` now support :py:class:`DataTree`
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objects (:issue:`9790`, :issue:`9778`).
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By `Stephan Hoyer <https://github.com/shoyer>`_.
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- The ``h5netcdf`` engine has support for pseudo ``NETCDF4_CLASSIC`` files, meaning variables and attributes are cast to supported types. Note that the saved files won't be recognized as genuine ``NETCDF4_CLASSIC`` files until ``h5netcdf`` adds support with version 1.7.0. (:issue:`10676`, :pull:`10686`).
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- The ``h5netcdf`` engine has support for pseudo ``NETCDF4_CLASSIC`` files, meaning variables and attributes are cast to supported types. Note that the saved files won't be recognized as genuine ``NETCDF4_CLASSIC`` files until ``h5netcdf`` adds support with version 1.7.0 (:issue:`10676`, :pull:`10686`).
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By `David Huard <https://github.com/huard>`_.
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- Support comparing :py:class:`DataTree` objects with :py:func:`testing.assert_allclose` (:pull:`10887`).
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By `Justus Magin <https://github.com/keewis>`_.
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- Add support for ``chunks="auto"`` for cftime datasets (:issue:`9834`, :pull:`10527`).
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By `Charles Turner <https://github.com/charles-turner-1>`_.
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Breaking Changes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Deprecations
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Bug Fixes
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~~~~~~~~~
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- Fix h5netcdf backend for format=None, use same rule as netcdf4 backend (:pull:`10859`).
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By `Kai Mühlbauer <https://github.com/kmuehlbauer>`_
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- ``netcdf4`` and ``pydap`` backends now use stricter URL detection to avoid incorrectly claiming
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remote URLs. The ``pydap`` backend now only claims URLs with explicit DAP protocol indicators
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(``dap2://`` or ``dap4://`` schemes, or ``/dap2/`` or ``/dap4/`` in the URL path). This prevents
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both backends from claiming remote Zarr stores and other non-DAP URLs without an explicit
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``engine=`` argument. (:pull:`10804`). By `Ian Hunt-Isaak <https://github.com/ianhi>`_.
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- Fix indexing with empty arrays for scipy & h5netcdf backends which now resolves to empty slices (:issue:`10867`, :pull:`10870`).
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By `Kai Mühlbauer <https://github.com/kmuehlbauer>`_
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- Fix error handling issue in ``decode_cf_variables`` when decoding fails - the exception is now re-raised
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correctly, with a note added about the variable name that caused the error (:issue:`10873`, :pull:`10886`).
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By `Jonas L. Bertelsen <https://github.com/jonaslb>`_
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Performance
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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- Speedup and reduce memory usage of :py:func:`concat`. Magnitude of improvement scales
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with size of the concatenation dimension. By `Deepak Cherian <https://github.com/dcherian>`_.
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:issue:`10864` :pull:`10866`.
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- Speedup and reduce memory usage when coarsening along multiple dimensions.
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By `Deepak Cherian <https://github.com/dcherian>`_. :pull:`10921`.
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Documentation
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Internal Changes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. _whats-new.2025.10.1:
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v2025.10.1 (October 7, 2025)
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----------------------------
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This release reverts a breaking change to Xarray's preferred netCDF backend.
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Breaking changes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- Xarray's default engine for reading/writing netCDF files has been reverted to
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prefer netCDF4 over h5netcdf over scipy, which was the default before
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v2025.09.1. This change had larger implications for the ecosystem than we
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anticipated. We are still considering changing the default in the future, but
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will be a bit more careful about the implications. See :issue:`10657` and
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linked issues for discussion. The behavior can still be customized, e.g., with
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``xr.set_options(netcdf_engine_order=['h5netcdf', 'netcdf4', 'scipy'])``.
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By `Stephan Hoyer <https://github.com/shoyer>`_.
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New features
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- Coordinates are ordered to match dims when displaying Xarray objects. (:pull:`10778`).
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By `Julia Signell <https://github.com/jsignell>`_.
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Bug fixes
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~~~~~~~~~
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- Fix error raised when writing scalar variables to Zarr with ``region={}``
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(:pull:`10796`).
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By `Stephan Hoyer <https://github.com/shoyer>`_.
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.. _whats-new.2025.09.1:
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v2025.09.1 (September 29, 2025)
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-------------------------------
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This release contains improvements to netCDF IO and the
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:py:func:`DataTree.from_dict` constructor, as well as a variety of bug fixes.
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In particular, the default netCDF backend has switched from netCDF4 to h5netcdf,
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which is typically faster.
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Thanks to the 17 contributors to this release:
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Claude, Deepak Cherian, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dylan H. Morris, Emmanuel Mathot, Ian Hunt-Isaak, Joren Hammudoglu, Julia Signell, Justus Magin, Maximilian Roos, Nick Hodgskin, Spencer Clark, Stephan Hoyer, Tom Nicholas, gronniger, joseph nowak and pierre-manchon
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New Features
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- :py:func:`DataTree.from_dict` now supports passing in ``DataArray`` and nested
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dictionary values, and has a ``coords`` argument for specifying coordinates as
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``DataArray`` objects (:pull:`10658`).
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- ``engine='netcdf4'`` now supports reading and writing in-memory netCDF files.
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All of Xarray's netCDF backends now support in-memory reads and writes
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(:pull:`10624`).
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By `Stephan Hoyer <https://github.com/shoyer>`_.
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Breaking changes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- **All xarray operations now preserve attributes by default** (:issue:`3891`, :issue:`2582`).
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- All xarray operations now preserve attributes by default (:issue:`3891`, :issue:`2582`).
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Previously, operations would drop attributes unless explicitly told to preserve them via ``keep_attrs=True``.
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Additionally, when attributes are preserved in binary operations, they now combine attributes from both
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operands using ``drop_conflicts`` (keeping matching attributes, dropping conflicts), instead of keeping
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.. code-block:: python
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# Before (xarray <2025.09.1):
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# Before (xarray <2025.11.0):
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data = xr.DataArray([1, 2, 3], attrs={"units": "meters", "long_name": "height"})
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result = data.mean()
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result.attrs # {} - Attributes lost!
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- Transformations: ``map()``, ``pipe()``, ``assign()``, ``assign_coords()``
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- Shape operations: ``expand_dims()``, ``squeeze()``, ``transpose()``, ``stack()``, ``unstack()``
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**Binary operations - combines attributes with ``drop_conflicts``:**
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**Binary operations - combines attributes with** ``drop_conflicts``:
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.. code-block:: python
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By `Maximilian Roos <https://github.com/max-sixty>`_.
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Bug Fixes
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~~~~~~~~~
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- Fix h5netcdf backend for format=None, use same rule as netcdf4 backend (:pull:`10859`).
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By `Kai Mühlbauer <https://github.com/kmuehlbauer>`_.
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- ``netcdf4`` and ``pydap`` backends now use stricter URL detection to avoid incorrectly claiming
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remote URLs. The ``pydap`` backend now only claims URLs with explicit DAP protocol indicators
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(``dap2://`` or ``dap4://`` schemes, or ``/dap2/`` or ``/dap4/`` in the URL path). This prevents
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both backends from claiming remote Zarr stores and other non-DAP URLs without an explicit
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``engine=`` argument (:pull:`10804`).
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By `Ian Hunt-Isaak <https://github.com/ianhi>`_.
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- Fix indexing with empty arrays for scipy & h5netcdf backends which now resolves to empty slices (:issue:`10867`, :pull:`10870`).
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By `Kai Mühlbauer <https://github.com/kmuehlbauer>`_
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- Fix error handling issue in ``decode_cf_variables`` when decoding fails - the exception is now re-raised
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correctly, with a note added about the variable name that caused the error (:issue:`10873`, :pull:`10886`).
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By `Jonas L. Bertelsen <https://github.com/jonaslb>`_.
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- Fix ``equivalent`` for numpy scalar nan comparison (:issue:`10833`, :pull:`10838`).
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By `Maximilian Roos <https://github.com/max-sixty>`_.
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- Support non-``DataArray`` outputs in :py:meth:`Dataset.map` (:issue:`10835`, :pull:`10839`).
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By `Maximilian Roos <https://github.com/max-sixty>`_.
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- Support ``drop_sel`` on ``MultiIndex`` objects (:issue:`10862`, :pull:`10863`).
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By `Aled Owen <https://github.com/owena11>`_.
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Performance
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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- Speedup and reduce memory usage of :py:func:`concat`. Magnitude of improvement scales
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with size of the concatenation dimension (:issue:`10864`, :pull:`10866`).
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By `Deepak Cherian <https://github.com/dcherian>`_.
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- Speedup and reduce memory usage when coarsening along multiple dimensions (:pull:`10921`)
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By `Deepak Cherian <https://github.com/dcherian>`_.
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.. _whats-new.2025.10.1:
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v2025.10.1 (Oct 7, 2025)
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------------------------
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This release reverts a breaking change to Xarray's preferred netCDF backend.
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Breaking changes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- Xarray's default engine for reading/writing netCDF files has been reverted to
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prefer netCDF4 over h5netcdf over scipy, which was the default before
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v2025.09.1. This change had larger implications for the ecosystem than we
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anticipated. We are still considering changing the default in the future, but
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will be a bit more careful about the implications. See :issue:`10657` and
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linked issues for discussion. The behavior can still be customized, e.g., with
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``xr.set_options(netcdf_engine_order=['h5netcdf', 'netcdf4', 'scipy'])``.
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By `Stephan Hoyer <https://github.com/shoyer>`_.
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New features
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- Coordinates are ordered to match dims when displaying Xarray objects. (:pull:`10778`).
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By `Julia Signell <https://github.com/jsignell>`_.
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Bug fixes
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~~~~~~~~~
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- Fix error raised when writing scalar variables to Zarr with ``region={}``
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(:pull:`10796`).
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By `Stephan Hoyer <https://github.com/shoyer>`_.
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.. _whats-new.2025.09.1:
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v2025.09.1 (Sep 29, 2025)
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-------------------------
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This release contains improvements to netCDF IO and the
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:py:func:`DataTree.from_dict` constructor, as well as a variety of bug fixes.
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In particular, the default netCDF backend has switched from netCDF4 to h5netcdf,
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which is typically faster.
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Thanks to the 17 contributors to this release:
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Claude, Deepak Cherian, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dylan H. Morris, Emmanuel Mathot, Ian Hunt-Isaak, Joren Hammudoglu, Julia Signell, Justus Magin, Maximilian Roos, Nick Hodgskin, Spencer Clark, Stephan Hoyer, Tom Nicholas, gronniger, joseph nowak and pierre-manchon
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New Features
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- :py:func:`DataTree.from_dict` now supports passing in ``DataArray`` and nested
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dictionary values, and has a ``coords`` argument for specifying coordinates as
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``DataArray`` objects (:pull:`10658`).
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- ``engine='netcdf4'`` now supports reading and writing in-memory netCDF files.
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All of Xarray's netCDF backends now support in-memory reads and writes
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(:pull:`10624`).
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By `Stephan Hoyer <https://github.com/shoyer>`_.
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Breaking changes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- :py:meth:`Dataset.update` now returns ``None``, instead of the updated dataset. This
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completes the deprecation cycle started in version 0.17. The method still updates the
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dataset in-place. (:issue:`10167`)
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.. _whats-new.2025.09.0:
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v2025.09.0 (September 2, 2025)
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------------------------------
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v2025.09.0 (Sep 2, 2025)
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------------------------
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This release brings a number of small improvements and fixes, especially related
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to writing DataTree objects and netCDF files to disk.
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.. _whats-new.2025.08.0:
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v2025.08.0 (August 14, 2025)
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----------------------------
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v2025.08.0 (Aug 14, 2025)
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-------------------------
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This release brings the ability to load xarray objects asynchronously, write netCDF as bytes, fixes a number of bugs, and starts an important deprecation cycle for changing the default values of keyword arguments for various xarray combining functions.
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.. _whats-new.2025.07.1:
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v2025.07.1 (July 09, 2025)
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--------------------------
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v2025.07.1 (Jul 09, 2025)
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-------------------------
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This release brings a lot of improvements to flexible indexes functionality, including new classes
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to ease building of new indexes with custom coordinate transforms (:py:class:`indexes.CoordinateTransformIndex`)

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