test(bigtable): add conformance test for InvalidTypes

[mpeddada1]

Command to run: DOCKER_NETWORK=host time ci/cloudbuild/build.sh -t conformance-pr

Add check for when column type is empty. Also move the check for empty resultsetmetadata to PrepareQuery (this is the desired location for returning the error).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 92.77108% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 92.95%. Comparing base (45fe5af) to head (b0bec0c).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...le/cloud/bigtable/internal/data_connection_impl.cc	80.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
...oud/bigtable/internal/data_connection_impl_test.cc	96.82%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             main   #15787    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   92.94%   92.95%            
========================================
  Files        2454     2454            
  Lines      226878   227020   +142     
========================================
+ Hits       210879   211024   +145     
+ Misses      15999    15996     -3     

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