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Background

  • Proposer selection is round-robin for now.
  • Proposer selection portion is not proportional to its power, and have to be fixed for DPoS.
  • Unpredictable proposer selection is recommended to prevent attack vector.
  • With VRF, probabilistic power-proportional, unpredictable pseudo-random proposer selection can be accomplished.
  • To generate secure, pseudo-random AEV, PreEvaluationHash is used. But there are chance to manipulate this value, by manipulating block parameters.
  • With VRF, pre-determined pseudo-random seed can be made, and it cannot be manipulated.

Limitation

  • Each validator can obtain expected random seed in advance, and this random seed can be real if validator is selected as a proposer.
  • This can make validator to load transactions on block in selfish manner.

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