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@cmaloney cmaloney commented Oct 14, 2025

Update bytearray to contain a bytes and provide a zero-copy path to "extract" the bytes. This allows making several code paths more efficient.

This does not move any codepaths to make use of this new API. The documentation changes include common code patterns which can be made more efficient with this API.


When just changing bytearray to contain bytes I ran pyperformance on a --with-lto --enable-optimizations --with-static-libpython build (results below) and don't see any major speedups or slowdowns with this; all seems to be in the noise of my machine (Generally changes under 5% or benchmarks that don't touch bytes/bytearray).

pyperformance compare main.json bytearray_bytes.json

main.json

Performance version: 1.11.0
Report on Linux-6.17.1-arch1-1-x86_64-with-glibc2.42
Number of logical CPUs: 32
Start date: 2025-10-14 00:55:52.519236
End date: 2025-10-14 02:23:01.308400

bytearray_bytes.json

Performance version: 1.11.0
Report on Linux-6.17.1-arch1-1-x86_64-with-glibc2.42
Number of logical CPUs: 32
Start date: 2025-10-13 23:22:29.928152
End date: 2025-10-14 00:49:34.467284

+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| Benchmark                        | main.json | bytearray_bytes.json | Change       | Significance           |
+==================================+===========+======================+==============+========================+
| 2to3                             | 137 ms    | 136 ms               | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_generators                 | 193 ms    | 195 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_cpu_io_mixed          | 285 ms    | 286 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_cpu_io_mixed_tg       | 289 ms    | 290 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager                 | 50.4 ms   | 51.5 ms              | 1.02x slower | Significant (t=-10.40) |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_cpu_io_mixed    | 223 ms    | 225 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_cpu_io_mixed_tg | 263 ms    | 264 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_io              | 370 ms    | 372 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_io_tg           | 380 ms    | 384 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_memoization     | 125 ms    | 126 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_memoization_tg  | 161 ms    | 162 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_tg              | 125 ms    | 125 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_io                    | 366 ms    | 360 ms               | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_io_tg                 | 359 ms    | 361 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_memoization           | 177 ms    | 181 ms               | 1.02x slower | Significant (t=-9.20)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_memoization_tg        | 188 ms    | 189 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_none                  | 151 ms    | 151 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_none_tg               | 150 ms    | 151 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| asyncio_tcp                      | 182 ms    | 161 ms               | 1.13x faster | Significant (t=32.85)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| asyncio_tcp_ssl                  | 548 ms    | 553 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| asyncio_websockets               | 342 ms    | 339 ms               | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| bench_mp_pool                    | 7.12 ms   | 7.08 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| bench_thread_pool                | 818 us    | 819 us               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| bpe_tokeniser                    | 2.10 sec  | 2.09 sec             | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| chaos                            | 27.9 ms   | 28.0 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| comprehensions                   | 7.45 us   | 7.24 us              | 1.03x faster | Significant (t=3.27)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| connected_components             | 308 ms    | 309 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| coroutines                       | 11.1 ms   | 11.2 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| coverage                         | 33.6 ms   | 34.1 ms              | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| create_gc_cycles                 | 1.16 ms   | 1.16 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| crypto_pyaes                     | 37.1 ms   | 35.6 ms              | 1.04x faster | Significant (t=10.63)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| dask                             | 347 ms    | 351 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| deepcopy                         | 118 us    | 117 us               | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| deepcopy_memo                    | 12.8 us   | 12.7 us              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| deepcopy_reduce                  | 1.32 us   | 1.34 us              | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| deltablue                        | 1.65 ms   | 1.64 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| django_template                  | 17.9 ms   | 17.8 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| docutils                         | 1.19 sec  | 1.20 sec             | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| dulwich_log                      | 19.5 ms   | 19.7 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| fannkuch                         | 184 ms    | 181 ms               | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| float                            | 37.1 ms   | 36.7 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| gc_traversal                     | 3.04 ms   | 2.84 ms              | 1.07x faster | Significant (t=19.48)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| generators                       | 15.9 ms   | 15.3 ms              | 1.04x faster | Significant (t=7.03)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| genshi_text                      | 11.3 ms   | 11.2 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| genshi_xml                       | 25.5 ms   | 25.5 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| go                               | 57.6 ms   | 56.7 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| hexiom                           | 2.92 ms   | 2.88 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| html5lib                         | 26.0 ms   | 26.5 ms              | 1.02x slower | Significant (t=-9.20)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| json_dumps                       | 4.48 ms   | 4.44 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| json_loads                       | 11.7 us   | 11.7 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| k_core                           | 1.41 sec  | 1.42 sec             | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| logging_format                   | 3.27 us   | 3.30 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| logging_silent                   | 45.5 ns   | 45.8 ns              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| logging_simple                   | 3.02 us   | 3.01 us              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| mako                             | 6.02 ms   | 6.03 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| many_optionals                   | 473 us    | 478 us               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| mdp                              | 587 ms    | 578 ms               | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| meteor_contest                   | 50.2 ms   | 50.5 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| nbody                            | 54.6 ms   | 52.4 ms              | 1.04x faster | Significant (t=10.72)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| nqueens                          | 41.7 ms   | 40.4 ms              | 1.03x faster | Significant (t=6.79)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pathlib                          | 9.77 ms   | 9.73 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pickle                           | 5.99 us   | 6.01 us              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pickle_dict                      | 12.5 us   | 12.8 us              | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pickle_list                      | 1.98 us   | 1.96 us              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pickle_pure_python               | 149 us    | 150 us               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pidigits                         | 111 ms    | 115 ms               | 1.03x slower | Significant (t=-18.53) |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pprint_pformat                   | 737 ms    | 748 ms               | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pprint_safe_repr                 | 362 ms    | 369 ms               | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pyflate                          | 211 ms    | 205 ms               | 1.03x faster | Significant (t=7.43)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| python_startup                   | 7.88 ms   | 7.88 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| python_startup_no_site           | 4.72 ms   | 4.76 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| raytrace                         | 130 ms    | 128 ms               | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| regex_compile                    | 50.0 ms   | 50.2 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| regex_dna                        | 101 ms    | 103 ms               | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| regex_effbot                     | 1.72 ms   | 1.77 ms              | 1.03x slower | Significant (t=-26.42) |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| regex_v8                         | 12.5 ms   | 12.3 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| richards                         | 20.4 ms   | 20.0 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| richards_super                   | 23.4 ms   | 22.8 ms              | 1.03x faster | Significant (t=11.36)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_fft                      | 154 ms    | 153 ms               | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_lu                       | 55.4 ms   | 57.0 ms              | 1.03x slower | Significant (t=-5.67)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_monte_carlo              | 32.8 ms   | 32.8 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_sor                      | 57.8 ms   | 56.9 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_sparse_mat_mult          | 2.75 ms   | 2.76 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| shortest_path                    | 316 ms    | 318 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| spectral_norm                    | 47.7 ms   | 51.6 ms              | 1.08x slower | Significant (t=-2.01)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sphinx                           | 465 ms    | 467 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlglot_v2_normalize             | 50.3 ms   | 50.2 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlglot_v2_optimize              | 24.2 ms   | 24.4 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlglot_v2_parse                 | 576 us    | 572 us               | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlglot_v2_transpile             | 724 us    | 722 us               | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlite_synth                     | 1.14 us   | 1.15 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| subparsers                       | 20.6 ms   | 20.7 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sympy_expand                     | 181 ms    | 184 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sympy_integrate                  | 8.54 ms   | 8.55 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sympy_str                        | 103 ms    | 105 ms               | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sympy_sum                        | 55.9 ms   | 56.0 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| telco                            | 3.39 ms   | 3.34 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| tomli_loads                      | 971 ms    | 982 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| typing_runtime_protocols         | 73.2 us   | 73.6 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| unpack_sequence                  | 25.2 ns   | 23.0 ns              | 1.10x faster | Significant (t=7.03)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| unpickle                         | 6.99 us   | 7.05 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| unpickle_list                    | 2.07 us   | 2.10 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| unpickle_pure_python             | 105 us    | 104 us               | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| xml_etree_generate               | 40.5 ms   | 40.7 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| xml_etree_iterparse              | 49.7 ms   | 50.4 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| xml_etree_parse                  | 77.2 ms   | 79.1 ms              | 1.02x slower | Significant (t=-16.14) |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| xml_etree_process                | 29.5 ms   | 29.8 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+

This sets up so the bytes can be "taken" as a byes object without
requiring a copy.

I ran pyperformance (results below) and don't see any major speedups
or slowdowns with this; all seems to be in the noise of my machine.

------

pyperformance compare main.json bytearray_bytes.json -O table
main.json
=========

Performance version: 1.11.0
Report on Linux-6.17.1-arch1-1-x86_64-with-glibc2.42
Number of logical CPUs: 32
Start date: 2025-10-14 00:55:52.519236
End date: 2025-10-14 02:23:01.308400

bytearray_bytes.json
====================

Performance version: 1.11.0
Report on Linux-6.17.1-arch1-1-x86_64-with-glibc2.42
Number of logical CPUs: 32
Start date: 2025-10-13 23:22:29.928152
End date: 2025-10-14 00:49:34.467284

+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| Benchmark                        | main.json | bytearray_bytes.json | Change       | Significance           |
+==================================+===========+======================+==============+========================+
| 2to3                             | 137 ms    | 136 ms               | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_generators                 | 193 ms    | 195 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_cpu_io_mixed          | 285 ms    | 286 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_cpu_io_mixed_tg       | 289 ms    | 290 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager                 | 50.4 ms   | 51.5 ms              | 1.02x slower | Significant (t=-10.40) |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_cpu_io_mixed    | 223 ms    | 225 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_cpu_io_mixed_tg | 263 ms    | 264 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_io              | 370 ms    | 372 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_io_tg           | 380 ms    | 384 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_memoization     | 125 ms    | 126 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_memoization_tg  | 161 ms    | 162 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_eager_tg              | 125 ms    | 125 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_io                    | 366 ms    | 360 ms               | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_io_tg                 | 359 ms    | 361 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_memoization           | 177 ms    | 181 ms               | 1.02x slower | Significant (t=-9.20)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_memoization_tg        | 188 ms    | 189 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_none                  | 151 ms    | 151 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| async_tree_none_tg               | 150 ms    | 151 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| asyncio_tcp                      | 182 ms    | 161 ms               | 1.13x faster | Significant (t=32.85)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| asyncio_tcp_ssl                  | 548 ms    | 553 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| asyncio_websockets               | 342 ms    | 339 ms               | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| bench_mp_pool                    | 7.12 ms   | 7.08 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| bench_thread_pool                | 818 us    | 819 us               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| bpe_tokeniser                    | 2.10 sec  | 2.09 sec             | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| chaos                            | 27.9 ms   | 28.0 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| comprehensions                   | 7.45 us   | 7.24 us              | 1.03x faster | Significant (t=3.27)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| connected_components             | 308 ms    | 309 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| coroutines                       | 11.1 ms   | 11.2 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| coverage                         | 33.6 ms   | 34.1 ms              | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| create_gc_cycles                 | 1.16 ms   | 1.16 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| crypto_pyaes                     | 37.1 ms   | 35.6 ms              | 1.04x faster | Significant (t=10.63)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| dask                             | 347 ms    | 351 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| deepcopy                         | 118 us    | 117 us               | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| deepcopy_memo                    | 12.8 us   | 12.7 us              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| deepcopy_reduce                  | 1.32 us   | 1.34 us              | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| deltablue                        | 1.65 ms   | 1.64 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| django_template                  | 17.9 ms   | 17.8 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| docutils                         | 1.19 sec  | 1.20 sec             | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| dulwich_log                      | 19.5 ms   | 19.7 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| fannkuch                         | 184 ms    | 181 ms               | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| float                            | 37.1 ms   | 36.7 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| gc_traversal                     | 3.04 ms   | 2.84 ms              | 1.07x faster | Significant (t=19.48)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| generators                       | 15.9 ms   | 15.3 ms              | 1.04x faster | Significant (t=7.03)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| genshi_text                      | 11.3 ms   | 11.2 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| genshi_xml                       | 25.5 ms   | 25.5 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| go                               | 57.6 ms   | 56.7 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| hexiom                           | 2.92 ms   | 2.88 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| html5lib                         | 26.0 ms   | 26.5 ms              | 1.02x slower | Significant (t=-9.20)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| json_dumps                       | 4.48 ms   | 4.44 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| json_loads                       | 11.7 us   | 11.7 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| k_core                           | 1.41 sec  | 1.42 sec             | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| logging_format                   | 3.27 us   | 3.30 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| logging_silent                   | 45.5 ns   | 45.8 ns              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| logging_simple                   | 3.02 us   | 3.01 us              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| mako                             | 6.02 ms   | 6.03 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| many_optionals                   | 473 us    | 478 us               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| mdp                              | 587 ms    | 578 ms               | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| meteor_contest                   | 50.2 ms   | 50.5 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| nbody                            | 54.6 ms   | 52.4 ms              | 1.04x faster | Significant (t=10.72)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| nqueens                          | 41.7 ms   | 40.4 ms              | 1.03x faster | Significant (t=6.79)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pathlib                          | 9.77 ms   | 9.73 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pickle                           | 5.99 us   | 6.01 us              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pickle_dict                      | 12.5 us   | 12.8 us              | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pickle_list                      | 1.98 us   | 1.96 us              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pickle_pure_python               | 149 us    | 150 us               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pidigits                         | 111 ms    | 115 ms               | 1.03x slower | Significant (t=-18.53) |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pprint_pformat                   | 737 ms    | 748 ms               | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pprint_safe_repr                 | 362 ms    | 369 ms               | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| pyflate                          | 211 ms    | 205 ms               | 1.03x faster | Significant (t=7.43)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| python_startup                   | 7.88 ms   | 7.88 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| python_startup_no_site           | 4.72 ms   | 4.76 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| raytrace                         | 130 ms    | 128 ms               | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| regex_compile                    | 50.0 ms   | 50.2 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| regex_dna                        | 101 ms    | 103 ms               | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| regex_effbot                     | 1.72 ms   | 1.77 ms              | 1.03x slower | Significant (t=-26.42) |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| regex_v8                         | 12.5 ms   | 12.3 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| richards                         | 20.4 ms   | 20.0 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| richards_super                   | 23.4 ms   | 22.8 ms              | 1.03x faster | Significant (t=11.36)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_fft                      | 154 ms    | 153 ms               | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_lu                       | 55.4 ms   | 57.0 ms              | 1.03x slower | Significant (t=-5.67)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_monte_carlo              | 32.8 ms   | 32.8 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_sor                      | 57.8 ms   | 56.9 ms              | 1.02x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| scimark_sparse_mat_mult          | 2.75 ms   | 2.76 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| shortest_path                    | 316 ms    | 318 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| spectral_norm                    | 47.7 ms   | 51.6 ms              | 1.08x slower | Significant (t=-2.01)  |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sphinx                           | 465 ms    | 467 ms               | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlglot_v2_normalize             | 50.3 ms   | 50.2 ms              | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlglot_v2_optimize              | 24.2 ms   | 24.4 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlglot_v2_parse                 | 576 us    | 572 us               | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlglot_v2_transpile             | 724 us    | 722 us               | 1.00x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sqlite_synth                     | 1.14 us   | 1.15 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| subparsers                       | 20.6 ms   | 20.7 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sympy_expand                     | 181 ms    | 184 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sympy_integrate                  | 8.54 ms   | 8.55 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sympy_str                        | 103 ms    | 105 ms               | 1.02x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| sympy_sum                        | 55.9 ms   | 56.0 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| telco                            | 3.39 ms   | 3.34 ms              | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| tomli_loads                      | 971 ms    | 982 ms               | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| typing_runtime_protocols         | 73.2 us   | 73.6 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| unpack_sequence                  | 25.2 ns   | 23.0 ns              | 1.10x faster | Significant (t=7.03)   |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| unpickle                         | 6.99 us   | 7.05 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| unpickle_list                    | 2.07 us   | 2.10 us              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| unpickle_pure_python             | 105 us    | 104 us               | 1.01x faster | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| xml_etree_generate               | 40.5 ms   | 40.7 ms              | 1.00x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| xml_etree_iterparse              | 49.7 ms   | 50.4 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| xml_etree_parse                  | 77.2 ms   | 79.1 ms              | 1.02x slower | Significant (t=-16.14) |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
| xml_etree_process                | 29.5 ms   | 29.8 ms              | 1.01x slower | Not significant        |
+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+--------------+------------------------+
@cmaloney cmaloney changed the title gh-139871: Update bytearray to contain PyBytesObject gh-139871: Implement bytearray.take_bytes([n]) to efficiently extract bytes Oct 15, 2025
@cmaloney cmaloney changed the title gh-139871: Implement bytearray.take_bytes([n]) to efficiently extract bytes gh-139871: Add bytearray.take_bytes([n]) to efficiently extract bytes Oct 15, 2025
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Threading tests found a non-threading issue that after this change ba = bytearray(b'123'); ba.clear(); ba.copy() has slightly different internals (sizeof, alloc) than before. Exploring options.

Co-authored-by: Maurycy Pawłowski-Wieroński <[email protected]>
return PyLong_FromSsize_t(FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(self->ob_alloc));
Py_ssize_t alloc = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(self->ob_alloc);
if (alloc > 0) {
alloc += sizeof(PyBytesObject);
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Adding in the size of PyBytesObject here (and in sizeof) because ob_alloc is expected by code to be the number of bytes of space available (vs ob_size, the number of bytes in use). Felt more straightforward to me to leave ob_alloc and ob_size definitions as they were and rather add in to the size reporting here.

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@vstinner I think this is ready for another pass; I left github comments around some places I am unsure the CPython standard way to do as well as ones where I'm not sure what the right decision is

@cmaloney cmaloney added the 🔨 test-with-buildbots Test PR w/ buildbots; report in status section label Nov 4, 2025
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🤖 New build scheduled with the buildbot fleet by @cmaloney for commit c470178 🤖

Results will be shown at:

https://buildbot.python.org/all/#/grid?branch=refs%2Fpull%2F140128%2Fmerge

If you want to schedule another build, you need to add the 🔨 test-with-buildbots label again.

@bedevere-bot bedevere-bot removed the 🔨 test-with-buildbots Test PR w/ buildbots; report in status section label Nov 4, 2025
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vstinner commented Nov 6, 2025

ARM Raspbian PR
x86 Debian Installed with X PR
x86 Debian Non-Debug with X PR

FAIL: test_fromstringandsize (test.test_capi.test_bytearray.CAPITest.test_fromstringandsize).

These 3 buildbot workers are 32-bit systems.

buildbot/AMD64 Arch Linux Asan Debug PR
buildbot/AMD64 Arch Linux Asan PR
buildbot/AMD64 Arch Linux Perf PR
buildbot/AMD64 Arch Linux TraceRefs PR
buildbot/AMD64 Arch Linux Usan Function PR
buildbot/ARM64 macOS PR
buildbot/ARM64 Raspbian PR

Unrelated test_urllib2net failure.

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cmaloney commented Nov 6, 2025

Yea, I haven't figured out why the MemoryError isn't being raised by bytes on 32 bit systems. Can remove the test for making a bytearray sized PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - sys.getsizeof(b'') but worry I have an integer wrapping bug or similar causing it that would be better to resolve.

Investigating those 32 bit builders failures is where I noticed the warnings the other day :)

On 32 bit systems with 4GB of ram there may be PY_SSIZE_T_MAX
allocatable and the testt would pass as the allocation would succeed.

Add a + 1 so that it's over the max bytes length and an OverflowError
will be raised by bytes.
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cmaloney commented Nov 7, 2025

!buildbot x86 Debian

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🤖 New build scheduled with the buildbot fleet by @cmaloney for commit 9681135 🤖

Results will be shown at:

https://buildbot.python.org/all/#/grid?branch=refs%2Fpull%2F140128%2Fmerge

The command will test the builders whose names match following regular expression: x86 Debian

The builders matched are:

  • x86 Debian Installed with X PR
  • x86 Debian Non-Debug with X PR

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cmaloney commented Nov 7, 2025

!buildbot x86 Debian|ARM Raspbian

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🤖 New build scheduled with the buildbot fleet by @cmaloney for commit 442692a 🤖

Results will be shown at:

https://buildbot.python.org/all/#/grid?branch=refs%2Fpull%2F140128%2Fmerge

The command will test the builders whose names match following regular expression: x86 Debian|ARM Raspbian

The builders matched are:

  • x86 Debian Installed with X PR
  • x86 Debian Non-Debug with X PR
  • ARM Raspbian Linux Asan PR
  • ARM Raspbian PR

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cmaloney commented Nov 7, 2025

I think this is good to go. I have a couple follow up performance improvements (no-copy iconcat when empty and uniquely referenced bytes; minimize copying in take_bytes) but I think those are best for separate PRs.

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LGTM

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Looks great! A few (hopefully final) docs nitpicks:

@encukou encukou enabled auto-merge (squash) November 13, 2025 12:55
@encukou encukou merged commit 732224e into python:main Nov 13, 2025
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Congrats @cmaloney, it's a nice enhancement! I expect follow-up PRs to use take_bytes() in the stdlib :-)

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maurycy commented Nov 13, 2025

@cmaloney Congratulations!

@cmaloney cmaloney deleted the bytearray_bytes branch November 13, 2025 18:55
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Thanks for reviewing and helping with the PR! More PRs coming shortly, old bugs first :)

CuriousLearner added a commit to CuriousLearner/cpython that referenced this pull request Nov 13, 2025
* main: (463 commits)
  pythongh-140601: Add ResourceWarning to iterparse when not closed (pythonGH-140603)
  pythongh-137969: Fix double evaluation of `ForwardRef`s which rely on globals (python#140974)
  pythongh-139109: A new tracing JIT compiler frontend for CPython (pythonGH-140310)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject` (python#141521)
  pythongh-140873: Add support of non-descriptor callables in functools.singledispatchmethod() (pythonGH-140884)
  pythongh-139653: Add PyUnstable_ThreadState_SetStackProtection() (python#139668)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyCode_Optimize` (pythonGH-141378)
  pythongh-141004: Document C APIs for dictionary keys, values, and items (pythonGH-141009)
  pythongh-137959: Fix `TIER1_TO_TIER2` macro name in JIT InternalDocs (pythonGH-141496)
  pythongh-139871: Add `bytearray.take_bytes([n])` to efficiently extract `bytes` (pythonGH-140128)
  pythongh-140601: Refactor ElementTree.iterparse() tests (pythonGH-141499)
  pythongh-135801: Add the module parameter to compile() etc (pythonGH-139652)
  pythongh-140260: fix data race in `_struct` module initialization with subinterpreters (python#140909)
  pythongh-137109: refactor warning about threads when forking (python#141438)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyRun_InteractiveOneObject` (pythonGH-141405)
  pythongh-124111: Fix TCL 9 thread detection (pythonGH-128103)
  pythongh-141442: Add escaping to iOS testbed arguments (python#141443)
  pythongh-140936: Fix JIT assertion crash at finalization if some generator is alive (pythonGH-140969)
  Add details about JIT build infrastructure and updating dependencies to `Tools/jit` (python#141167)
  pythongh-141412: Use reliable target URL for urllib example (pythonGH-141428)
  ...
CuriousLearner added a commit to CuriousLearner/cpython that referenced this pull request Nov 14, 2025
* 'main' of github.com:python/cpython: (464 commits)
  pythongh-140601: Add ResourceWarning to iterparse when not closed (pythonGH-140603)
  pythongh-137969: Fix double evaluation of `ForwardRef`s which rely on globals (python#140974)
  pythongh-139109: A new tracing JIT compiler frontend for CPython (pythonGH-140310)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject` (python#141521)
  pythongh-140873: Add support of non-descriptor callables in functools.singledispatchmethod() (pythonGH-140884)
  pythongh-139653: Add PyUnstable_ThreadState_SetStackProtection() (python#139668)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyCode_Optimize` (pythonGH-141378)
  pythongh-141004: Document C APIs for dictionary keys, values, and items (pythonGH-141009)
  pythongh-137959: Fix `TIER1_TO_TIER2` macro name in JIT InternalDocs (pythonGH-141496)
  pythongh-139871: Add `bytearray.take_bytes([n])` to efficiently extract `bytes` (pythonGH-140128)
  pythongh-140601: Refactor ElementTree.iterparse() tests (pythonGH-141499)
  pythongh-135801: Add the module parameter to compile() etc (pythonGH-139652)
  pythongh-140260: fix data race in `_struct` module initialization with subinterpreters (python#140909)
  pythongh-137109: refactor warning about threads when forking (python#141438)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyRun_InteractiveOneObject` (pythonGH-141405)
  pythongh-124111: Fix TCL 9 thread detection (pythonGH-128103)
  pythongh-141442: Add escaping to iOS testbed arguments (python#141443)
  pythongh-140936: Fix JIT assertion crash at finalization if some generator is alive (pythonGH-140969)
  Add details about JIT build infrastructure and updating dependencies to `Tools/jit` (python#141167)
  pythongh-141412: Use reliable target URL for urllib example (pythonGH-141428)
  ...
CuriousLearner added a commit to CuriousLearner/cpython that referenced this pull request Nov 14, 2025
* 'main' of github.com:python/cpython: (464 commits)
  pythongh-140601: Add ResourceWarning to iterparse when not closed (pythonGH-140603)
  pythongh-137969: Fix double evaluation of `ForwardRef`s which rely on globals (python#140974)
  pythongh-139109: A new tracing JIT compiler frontend for CPython (pythonGH-140310)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyErr_RangedSyntaxLocationObject` (python#141521)
  pythongh-140873: Add support of non-descriptor callables in functools.singledispatchmethod() (pythonGH-140884)
  pythongh-139653: Add PyUnstable_ThreadState_SetStackProtection() (python#139668)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyCode_Optimize` (pythonGH-141378)
  pythongh-141004: Document C APIs for dictionary keys, values, and items (pythonGH-141009)
  pythongh-137959: Fix `TIER1_TO_TIER2` macro name in JIT InternalDocs (pythonGH-141496)
  pythongh-139871: Add `bytearray.take_bytes([n])` to efficiently extract `bytes` (pythonGH-140128)
  pythongh-140601: Refactor ElementTree.iterparse() tests (pythonGH-141499)
  pythongh-135801: Add the module parameter to compile() etc (pythonGH-139652)
  pythongh-140260: fix data race in `_struct` module initialization with subinterpreters (python#140909)
  pythongh-137109: refactor warning about threads when forking (python#141438)
  pythongh-141004: Document `PyRun_InteractiveOneObject` (pythonGH-141405)
  pythongh-124111: Fix TCL 9 thread detection (pythonGH-128103)
  pythongh-141442: Add escaping to iOS testbed arguments (python#141443)
  pythongh-140936: Fix JIT assertion crash at finalization if some generator is alive (pythonGH-140969)
  Add details about JIT build infrastructure and updating dependencies to `Tools/jit` (python#141167)
  pythongh-141412: Use reliable target URL for urllib example (pythonGH-141428)
  ...
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6 participants