chore(release): add cloudbuild.yaml file

[maxcao13]

Related to: #18

Went through this documentation: https://github.com/kubernetes/test-infra/blob/master/config/jobs/image-pushing/README.md#cloudbuildyaml

Some things to note:

• We are okay with this being the staging image name? karpenter-clusterapi-controller:whatever-git-tag
• I tested this cloudbuild.yaml file with my own personal gcloud account and project, and pushing to my own repository (https://quay.io/repository/macao/karpenter-clusterapi-controller)
  • I can't test this with the actual staging repo (and I probably shouldn't have access to do that anyways)

I will need to create a prow job in the next steps of that documentation after this is merged.

[maxcao13]

/cc @elmiko @ttsuuubasa

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[elmiko]

We are okay with this being the staging image name? karpenter-clusterapi-controller:whatever-git-tag

i don't have an objection to this.

/lgtm

[ttsuuubasa]

Thank you for creating this. I think it's good too—looks good to me.

[elmiko]

/approve

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